Down Syndrome and Alzheimer’s
As many as 9 in 10 people with Down syndrome will develop a type of dementia that's either the same as or very similar to Alzheimer's disease.
Prevalence of Down Syndrome
Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal condition, affecting about 6,000 babies born in the U.S. every year.
Individuals with Down syndrome often have mild to moderate cognitive impairments, including delayed language development and memory challenges.
Down Syndrome and the Connection to Alzheimer’s
Most individuals with Down syndrome have three copies of the 21st chromosome rather than the typical two. This additional chromosome 21 can lead to the overproduction of a protein, resulting in the formation of plaques in the brain.
High levels of amyloid beta plaques and tau tangles in the brain are characteristic signs of Alzheimer’s disease. Since individuals with Down syndrome have an additional copy of chromosome 21, their brain pathology resembles that of a person with Alzheimer’s, and they have one of the highest risks of developing the disease
The Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s
By the age of 40, nearly all individuals with Down syndrome have high levels of amyloid beta plaques and tau tangles in their brains. By age 50, about 30% of this group will develop Alzheimer’s disease, and this likelihood increases to 50% by age 60.
However, similar to all individuals with Alzheimer’s, the brain changes that lead to these symptoms in people with Down syndrome are believed to begin at least 10 years earlier.
Although nearly all people with Down syndrome have high levels of this brain pathology similar to Alzheimer’s, and their associated brain changes appear by the early age of 40, this population continues to be underserved when it comes to Alzheimer’s research.
Diagnosing Alzheimer’s
Diagnosing dementia in individuals with Down syndrome can be challenging, as they often do not self-report memory concerns and assessing cognitive changes in those with intellectual disabilities is complex. However, recognizing dementia in these individuals is crucial to ensure they and their families receive the care and support they need.
Initial indicators of underlying decline may include changes in personality or behavior and a reduced interest in activities or relationships.
Incorporating ongoing evaluations of intellectual, behavioral and social functioning into routine health care empowers individuals with dementia and their loved ones to monitor and document any changes. Engaging a dementia specialist for cognitive assessments can provide additional pathways for understanding and support.
Our dementia experts at the Biggs Institute are now accepting appointments for adults with Down syndrome with or without memory loss concerns to provide specialized care and connect patients and families with the education and support they need.
To schedule a clinical appointment, with or without a referral, please call us at 210-450-9960.
Make an appointment
We are committed to connecting and serving our high-risk communities. We now welcome new patients, with or without a referral, and regardless of memory loss concerns, for specialized care, education and support.
Call us at 210-450-9960 to make an appointment.
There is a significant and often overlooked connection between Alzheimer’s disease and Down syndrome.
How will you help raise awareness about this vital connection?
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Exciting programs are now available to support brain health for adults with Down syndrome. Join us in deepening our understanding of Down syndrome and connect to transformative research today.
Contact Floyd Jones:
jonesfa@uthscsa.edu | 210-450-3158
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