About Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)

Diagnosing CTE

Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome (TES) is the clinical syndrome evaluated by clinicians to identify symptoms suggestive of possible or probable CTE.

If TES/CTE is suspected, a multidisciplinary and comprehensive clinical evaluation is performed, which includes a detailed medical history, cognitive testing, neurological exam, brain imaging and lab tests to assess for possible TES and for other possible causes of the symptoms.

Currently, CTE can only be diagnosed through an autopsy after death. However, exciting research at UT Health San Antonio and other institutions nationwide is advancing innovative methods to identify and diagnose CTE. This progress offers hope for earlier intervention and improved understanding of the condition. To be a part of this research, contact our CTE research coordinator Emi Varfaj at 210-450-3908.

CTE Treatment

Current treatment for TES/CTE involves:

• Treating the associated symptoms including mood and behavioral changes
• Cognitive supportive therapies
• Optimizing brain health
• Supporting care partners and family members

Currently, there are no medications available to slow or stop CTE. We remain hopeful that ongoing clinical research will lead to innovative treatments in the future.

CTE and Dementia

Individuals who experience traumatic brain injuries in their early to midlife years are two to four times more susceptible to dementia compared to those who have not sustained such injuries.

Research has shown that CTE has an abnormal accumulation of tau protein in the brain. Tau is a significant component associated with Alzheimer’s disease dementia. However, in CTE, tau accumulates in a distinct pattern, primarily concentrated around the blood vessels in the brain compared to other neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s, where tau is more diffusely distributed throughout the brain tissue in a widespread accumulation.

Researchers hope to study more of this unique signature of CTE to gain more crucial insights into how the condition affects cognitive functioning and overall brain health.

Why More CTE Research is Needed

The exact reason why head injuries lead to CTE is still unknown. It remains unclear if a single head injury can cause CTE, and not every individual who sustains concussions will go on to develop this condition.

Further research is essential to understanding the underlying mechanisms of CTE and to develop effective treatments. By examining the unique characteristics of CTE, we can gain critical insights into its impact on cognitive function and overall brain health.

Interested in advancing CTE research? Contact our clinical research team member, Emi Varfaj to get connected at 210-450-3908.